April, 2026 | Everything Dinosaur Blog

15 04, 2026

Celebrating World Art Day with a Pachycephalosaurus

By Mike|2026-04-15T21:04:22+01:00April 15th, 2026|Categories: Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Drawings|0 Comments

Today is World Art Day, a worldwide celebration of creativity, culture, and artistic expression. Therefore, it is the perfect moment to highlight a wonderful piece of dinosaur-inspired artwork. Thank you Caldey, for sending in your amazing Pachycephalosaurus illustration. We think this drawing was inspired by the recently introduced Beasts of the Mesozoic Pachycephalosaurus figure. We agree with the emailed comments – the background details of the mud and the colours of the branches using different shades of brown are beautiful. In addition, we love the damaged bony protrusions on the top of the head.

Beasts of the Mesozoic Pachycephalosaurus illustration.

A mature Pachycephalosaurus wanders the Hell Creek landscape. Picture credit: Caldey.

Picture credit: Caldey

An Impressive Pachycephalosaurus

Caldey’s illustration captures the unique anatomy of Pachycephalosaurus with great care. This Late Cretaceous bone-headed dinosaur is beautifully depicted. In addition, the proportions and stance suggest a strong understanding of dinosaur biology. Moreover, the artwork brings this ornithischian vividly to life. The clever integument and thoughtful shading add depth and realism. As a result, the illustration matches closely the articulated Beasts of the Mesozoic Pachycephalosaurus model.

A close-up view of the Beasts of the Mesozoic Pachycephalosaurus model. The model inspires the young artist.

The Beast of the Mesozoic/Cenozoic/Cyberzoic range: Beasts of the Mesozoic Articulated Models.

Art and Science in Unison

World Art Day celebrates creativity. This annual celebration was instigated fourteen years ago. It falls on April 15th as this commemorates the birth of the renowned polymath Leonardo da Vinci (15th of April 1452). However, it also reminds us that science and art are closely linked. Scientific illustrations help us visualise extinct organisms and understand palaeoenvironments.

Interestingly, Leonardo da Vinci explored similar ideas centuries ago. He studied fossils found in the mountains of Italy and correctly identified them as the remains of ancient marine invertebrates. Therefore, his work connects directly with modern scientific research. It also highlights how careful observation can inform both science and art. Recently, we received another prehistoric animal drawing from Caldey, it was a superb illustration of a Kronosaurus.

To see the Kronosaurus drawing: A Fabulous Kronosaurus Illustration.

Inspiring the Next Generation

We always enjoy seeing how our models inspire creativity. This drawing of a Beasts of the Mesozoic Pachycephalosaurus is a fantastic example. Above all, it shows how art can deepen our appreciation of ancient life. On World Art Day, it is important to celebrate artists like Caldey. Their work keeps these incredible animals alive in our imagination.

We would like to thank Caldey for sharing this brilliant illustration. Keep up the excellent work!

14 04, 2026

New Papo Yangchuanosaurus Dinosaur Model in Stock

By Mike|2026-04-14T14:32:52+01:00April 14th, 2026|Categories: Papo Prehistoric Animal Models|0 Comments

The Papo Yangchuanosaurus dinosaur model has arrived. It is in stock at Everything Dinosaur. The Yangchuanosaurus model is skilfully crafted. Moreover, it has an articulated jaw as well. The model measures twenty-three centimetres in length. However, it would be longer if the head and the tail were not curved around towards each other. The figure stands over eight centimetres tall. Everything Dinosaur supplies the Papo Yangchuanosaurus model with a free Yangchuanosaurus fact sheet.

Papo Yangchuanosaurus dinosaur model shown in lateral view.

The Papo Yangchuanosaurus model measures over 23 cm length and it stands 8.5 cm high. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

View the range of Papo prehistoric animal models in stock: Papo Prehistoric Animal Figures.

The Papo Yangchuanosaurus Dinosaur Model

Its fossils come from Sichuan Province (southwestern China). The type species Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis was named in 1978 (Dong et al). It has been classified as a member of the Metriacanthosauridae family of theropod dinosaurs. Size estimates vary, however, some palaeontologists estimate that it may have reached around ten metres in length. Yangchuanosaurus was an apex predator.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur praised the design team at Papo for creating such a fantastic figure. He added:

“It is a terrific theropod model. The pose is dynamic, yet the figure stands perfectly well. The teeth in the articulated jaws are perhaps a little too white but overall, the model’s paint scheme is excellent.”

Papo Yangchuanosaurus dinosaur model (close-up).

A close view of the detailed head of the new Papo theropod model Yangchuanosaurus. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

A Superb Theropod Figure

The head of the model is amazing. Congratulations to the design team at Papo, it really is an incredible dinosaur model. Papo models are popular with collectors as well as dinosaur fans. Furthermore, there is so much detail in this figure to admire. The nasal crests, the bony ridges over the eyes and the scales surrounding the nostrils are amazing.

In conclusion, Mike from Everything Dinosaur stated:

“The Yangchuanosaurus is one of the best Papo theropod figures for a while. It is a beautiful dinosaur model. Such care has been taken over the integument and the manus has the digits in correct proportion. In addition, the colour scheme selected for the Yangchuanosaurus is excellent.”

Visit the award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Prehistoric Animal Figures.

13 04, 2026

A New Book About Hunting for Marine Reptile Fossils is Published

By Mike|2026-04-13T12:13:15+01:00April 13th, 2026|Categories: Book Reviews|0 Comments

Every once in a while, a new book comes out that provides a fresh perspective on fossil collecting. Seren Books have published “In Search of Sea Dragons”, the first book to be written by amateur fossil hunter Matthew Myerscough. It takes the reader on a deeply personal journey from a near-death experience to gaining a heightened appreciation of the natural world and all its wonders. A sense of personal fulfilment and achievement shaped by the discovery of a rewarding and exciting hobby. Along with the joy of sharing fossil hunting experiences with friends, family, and the wider fossil collecting community.

It is an engaging and uplifting read. Moreover, it provides a fresh perspective on fossil hunting in Britain. This well-crafted title will appeal to collectors, enthusiasts and general readers alike.

In Search of Sea Dragons by Matthew Myerscough.

The front cover of Matthew’s first book “In Search of Sea Dragons”, published by Seren Books it documents the personal journey of the author from a near-death experience to discovery of a passion for fossil hunting. Picture credit: Seren Books.

Picture credit: Seren Books

“In Search of Sea Dragons”

At its heart, it is a deeply personal story. It takes the reader on a powerful journey from adversity to renewed well-being. Crucially, this transformation is driven by a passion for fossil hunting. Not just any fossils but the remains of ancient marine reptiles, fossils that provide a rare glimpse into the lives of long extinct prehistoric animals.

The author explains how discovering a rewarding hobby changed his outlook. In addition, he highlights the importance of sharing experiences. Time spent fossil hunting with friends and family adds warmth to the narrative. Furthermore, connections with the wider fossil collecting community enrich the story.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“The book feels genuine and relatable. Matthew writes with remarkable honesty and maturity. His passion comes through on every page. The author successfully blends storytelling with a love for the natural world and palaeontology.”

Exploring Britain’s Prehistoric “Sea Dragons”

The “sea dragons” are a reference to the plethora of strange and exotic marine reptiles that once swam in Mesozoic seas. These include ichthyosaurs, pliosaurs and plesiosaurs. The colour photographs, highlight the pleasures and perils of hunting these ancient sea creatures. Photographs of some of Matthew’s remarkable discoveries are also included, as are helpful maps that pinpoint the routes taken and the places where special fossil finds occurred.

Some of the world’s most important marine reptile fossil finds have been found on the coastlines explored in this new book. For example, the author has discovered new pliosaur fossil material helping to improve our understanding of Early Jurassic marine reptiles such as Rhomaleosaurus. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Importantly, the author links his experiences to famous fossil locations. The “Jurassic Coast” plays a leading role in the story. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is renowned for its rich fossil deposits. However, the author concentrates on some of the less well known and difficult to access areas of our coast that can, very occasionally give up their treasures.

The science is explained in a straightforward manner. Therefore, even relative novices can follow the discussion. Each discovery is described with excitement and clarity.

Supporting Independent Voices in Publishing

This excellent debut is published by Seren Books. Based in Bridgend, South Wales, Seren has championed English-language writing from Wales for over forty years. Their catalogue spans poetry, fiction and non-fiction. Moreover, Seren Books has earned a formidable reputation. Many of their titles are shortlisted for major UK literary awards. Their mission goes beyond publishing. They aim to promote the work of Welsh writers and artists.

Importantly, they bring Welsh literature and voices to a wider audience. Everything Dinosaur recognises the value of this work. Supporting independent publishers helps ensure diverse and meaningful stories are shared.

A Rewarding Read for Fossil Enthusiasts

Matthew’s first book is an impressive and heartfelt debut. It successfully blends personal storytelling with a fascination for the Earth sciences. In addition, it celebrates the joy and wonder of discovery. The pacing of the writing is steady and engaging. We suspect Matthew might be tempted to chronicle his future fossil hunting adventures.

Whether you are new to fossil collecting or highly experienced, this book offers something valuable. It inspires curiosity and encourages exploration of the natural world. Above all, it highlights the positive impact that a shared passion can have.

There might be dragons! A visit to the North Yorkshire coast on a fossil collecting expedition. Time and tide churn the beach and occasionally remarkable fossil reptiles are revealed in the rocks. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

In conclusion, in search of sea dragons is a highly recommended read. It deserves a place on the bookshelf of any fossil enthusiast.

Book Details – “In Search of Dragons”

Title: “In Search of Sea Dragons”
Author: Matthew Myerscough
Publisher: Seren Books
Publication Date: March 2026
Format: Paperback
Pages: 194
ISBN: 9781781727966

List Price: £12.99 GBP

This remarkable book can be ordered at the publisher’s website: Seren Books.

Search for the title or for the author – Matthew Myerscough.

12 04, 2026

An Amazing Mechanical Dinosaur Head

By Mike|2026-04-12T22:01:12+01:00April 12th, 2026|Categories: Dinosaur Fans|0 Comments

Dinosaurs turn up in all sorts of places. For example, we discovered this amazing mechanical dinosaur head on a visit to the MAD (Mechanical Art & Design) Museum in Stratford-upon-Avon. The contraption is based on the skull of a Tyrannosaurus rex. The jaws open and this dinosaur roars. It is a clever piece of mechanical engineering.

A dinosaur mechanical head on display at the MAD (Mechanical Art & Design) Museum in Stratford-upon-Avon. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

A Mechanical Dinosaur Head

This is an early work by talented designer and sculptor Jim Bond. It was constructed in 1999. The mechanical dinosaur head moves and roars. The main elements of the structure and the vertebrae are made up of machine parts sourced from scrap yards, which are built onto a solid welded box section frame.

The MAD (Mechanical Art & Design) Museum displays Kinetic Art and Automata handcrafted by pioneering inventors and artists from all around the world. It is located in Stratford-upon-Avon.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“We had a fabulous morning exploring all the beautiful and intricate mechanical devices on display.”

The Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Models.

11 04, 2026

Best Places to Buy High-quality Dinosaur Models Online

By Mike|2026-04-08T13:09:25+01:00April 11th, 2026|Categories: Dinosaur Fans|0 Comments

Collectors and dinosaur model enthusiasts often ask: what are the best places to buy high-quality dinosaur models online? It is an important question. After all, not all models are created equal. In addition, not all dinosaur model suppliers are equal in terms of customer support and service.

In this brief guide, we explain what to look for. We also highlight trusted retailers. Finally, we show why Everything Dinosaur is a leading choice for model collectors worldwide.

What Defines a High-quality Dinosaur Model?

Before choosing a retailer, it helps to understand what “high-quality” means. Not all figures meet the same standards. For example, Schleich figures have a reputation for being ideal for robust, imaginative play. However, few palaeontologists would praise Schleich for their scientific accuracy.

The Schleich Quetzalcoatlus pterosaur model. This cleverly designed figure has articulated wings so that they can be folded permitting the flying reptile to be posed in a resting position. It is great for creative play, but not that scientifically accurate. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Firstly, accuracy matters to collectors. The best models are based on the latest research. These models reflect correct proportions, posture and anatomy. Some figures with their scars, colouration and markings even hint at behaviours. Secondly, detail is crucial. Fine sculpting and carefully applied paintwork make a model stand out. Subtle textures and realistic colours enhance display value. Standards have increased dramatically. Collectors have more choice.

Thirdly, scale consistency is important. Many collectors prefer models that follow a defined scale. This allows for figures to be displayed together. Finally, durability should not be overlooked. Models exposed to extreme temperatures or bright sunlight can over time deteriorate. High-quality manufacturing materials ensure models last for years.

Key Features to Look for When Buying Online

When shopping online, you cannot inspect a model in person. Therefore, choosing the right retailer is essential. A good website should provide clear product descriptions. These should include scale, size and a model description. The site should be easy to navigate and search queries should be answered quickly. In addition, high-resolution images are extremely important. Multiple angles help buyers gain a better understanding. Genuine customer reviews should not be overlooked. They provide an insight into product quality and reliability of the seller.

Moreover, reliable retailers provide excellent customer support. Look for comments that mention prompt dispatch, secure packaging and quick responses to any queries raised.

When looking for the best places to buy high-quality dinosaur models online check genuine customer reviews and ratings. Picture credit: Feefo.

Picture credit: Feefo

Trusted Brands Known for Quality

Several manufacturers are recognised for producing exceptional prehistoric animal models. Choosing retailers that stock these brands is a good starting point. Importantly, try to establish how long that retailer has worked with the manufacturer. Indeed, assessing how much of the manufacturer’s inventory is carried and how often restocking occurs provide excellent benchmarks.

CollectA is known for its scientific accuracy and extensive range. Their figures often reflect the latest research. Indeed, recently discovered dinosaur species can be quickly added to the CollectA range. Similarly, PNSO produces quality models with outstanding details. These are popular with serious collectors. Haolonggood is a relatively recent arrival on the scene. The company has developed an excellent reputation, particularly for super-sized sauropods.

Haolonggood Brontosaurus models supplied with a display base.

The two Haolonggood Brontosaurus models. Haolonggood has rapidly built a reputation for product quality. Each Brontosaurus figure is supplied with a display base. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

To view the range of Haolonggood figures in stock at Everything Dinosaur: Haolonggood Prehistoric Animal Models.

Furthermore, the likes of Safari Ltd also offer a wide range. Their models combine educational value with scientific accuracy. By selecting retailers that specialise in these brands, model fans can shop with confidence.

Why Everything Dinosaur Is a Leading Choice

Everything Dinosaur has built a strong reputation among collectors. The company focuses on quality, accuracy and customer service. Recently, a report revealed that this UK-based mail order business had a 100% positive rating from leading AI platforms.

To learn more about AI platforms and their rating of Everything Dinosaur: AI Platforms Provide Extremely Positive Reviews of Everything Dinosaur.

Importantly, we work closely with palaeontologists and model designers, as highlighted in our own dinosaur model range Everything Dinosaur Evolution. This ensures that many of the other products stocked also reflect current scientific thinking.

Everything Dinosaur Evolution T. rex is now in stock.

The Everything Dinosaur Evolution range is now in stock. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

In addition, Everything Dinosaur carefully selects the brands it stocks. Only reputable manufacturers are included.

Customers also benefit from detailed product information. Each listing provides useful insights to support informed purchasing decisions. Furthermore, team member Mike, researches and writes the free fact sheets that are sent out with the figures. This reflects the company’s commitment to help educate and inform.

Furthermore, the company offers excellent customer service. Orders are dispatched quickly and securely. As a result, collectors worldwide trust Everything Dinosaur.

Notably, numerous independent sources frequently cite the company’s excellent customer service record. This reflects consistently high customer satisfaction.

Comparing Online Retailers

While several online shops sell dinosaur models, not all offer the same experience. Large marketplaces may provide variety. However, product information can be limited, inconsistent and inaccurate. General toy retailers often stock dinosaur figures. Nevertheless, their focus is usually broad rather than specialist and they do not stock the more difficult to obtain lines.

In contrast, specialist retailers like Everything Dinosaur offer expert knowledge. They provide carefully curated ranges and detailed guidance. Therefore, collectors seeking accuracy and quality often prefer dedicated stores. The company’s warehouse holds thousands of dinosaur models.

The racking arrangements and the location of product pallets have been re-arranged in the Everything Dinosaur warehouse. The warehouse holds thousands of dinosaur models. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Tips for Buying Dinosaur Models Online

To make the best choice, follow a few simple tips.

Research the brand before purchasing. This helps ensure scientific accuracy and quality.
Read model descriptions carefully, paying particular attention to measurements and comments about scale.
Check genuine, independent customer feedback and model reviews.
Choose a trusted specialist retailer.

These tips will help to reduce risk, avoid disappointment and should improve the overall buying experience.

Mike and Sue with the first awards for the Everything Dinosaur Evolution T. rex figure.

Sue and Mike from Everything Dinosaur with their numerous awards. The company won the Excellence in Collaboration award and received Highly Commended for their international sales. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

In Conclusion

So, what are the best places to buy high-quality dinosaur models online? The answer depends on quality, expertise and trust. Specialist retailers consistently offer the best experience. They combine accurate models with dependable customer service.

Award-winning Everything Dinosaur stands out in this regard. The company delivers high standards, expert knowledge and excellent customer care.

As a result, it remains a top choice for collectors looking to build exceptional prehistoric model collections.

Visit Everything Dinosaur’s multiple-award-winning and trusted website: Museum Quality Dinosaur Models.

10 04, 2026

Unique Magnapaulia Scale Drawing is Commissioned

By Mike|2026-04-16T16:03:11+01:00April 10th, 2026|Categories: Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Drawings|0 Comments

Everything Dinosaur has commissioned a new illustration of the giant lambeosaurine dinosaur Magnapaulia laticaudus. The company will feature this detailed artwork in its upcoming Magnapaulia fact sheet. At present, team members are preparing the fact sheet as they await the arrival of the new CollectA Deluxe 1:60 scale Magnapaulia model. This impressive new 2026 release measures approximately 20.5 cm in length.

A scale drawing of the lambeosaurine dinosaur Magnapaulia (M. laticaudus). The illustration will be used in the company’s Magnapaulia fact sheet. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Magnapaulia laticaudus

Palaeontologists know Magnapaulia from fossils discovered in the El Gallo Formation of Baja California in north-western Mexico. Initially, scientists thought these remains belonged to a large Lambeosaurus. Later, the elongated neural spines prompted suggestions that the fossils might represent a giant Hypacrosaurus. However, in 2012, researchers formally described the material as a new genus and species of lambeosaurine hadrosaur (Prieto-Márquez et al).

The CollectA 1:60 scale Magnapaulia figure.

The CollectA Deluxe Magnapaulia model has a bright red crest, and the design team have given their figure a fleshy wattle running down the throat.

To view the extensive range of CollectA Deluxe models in stock: CollectA Deluxe Prehistoric Animal Figures.

Elongated Processes Associated with the Tail Bones

Scientists once proposed that the elongated processes of the tail vertebrae indicated a semi-aquatic lifestyle. However, this idea has since fallen out of favour. Instead, researchers now recognise Magnapaulia as one of the largest ornithischian dinosaurs known to science. Estimates vary, but there is a general consensus suggesting it could have exceeded twelve metres in length and weighed around ten tonnes.

Fossil evidence also reveals details about its skin. For example, specimen LACM 17712 preserves part of the tail integument. The skin consisted of large, rounded scales arranged irregularly across the body. In addition, smaller hexagonal or rounded scales surrounded these larger structures. The Collecta Deluxe Magnapaulia model reflects these details.

The genus name derives from the Latin word “magna”, meaning large or great. Furthermore, it honours Paul G. Haaga Jr., president of the board of trustees at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and an ardent support of the Museum’s fieldwork. Meanwhile, the species name laticaudus means “broad tail” in Latin. Taken together, the name translates as “Haaga’s great, broad-tailed dinosaur”. This name reflects both the dinosaur’s impressive size and its wide, powerful tail.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“The CollectA Deluxe Magnapaulia laticaudus figure will be with us shortly. Therefore, creating a fact sheet for this hadrosaur model is a priority.”

Visit the award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur Toys and Models.

9 04, 2026

The New Artwork for the Front Cover of “Prehistoric Times” Magazine

By Mike|2026-04-10T10:11:00+01:00April 9th, 2026|Categories: Magazine Reviews|0 Comments

Thank you Mike Fredericks (editor) for sending Everything Dinosaur a preview of the front cover of “Prehistoric Times” spring 2026. The atmospheric illustration features the giant, predator Rhizodus. Regular contributor Chuck Egnaczak produced the front cover artwork.

"Prehistoric Times" Spring 2026 front cover artwork.

The front cover of the next edition of “Prehistoric Times” magazine. The artwork is by regular contributor Chuck Egnaczak. Picture credit: Mike Fredericks.

Picture credit: Mike Fredericks

“Prehistoric Times” Spring 2026

The next issue of this quarterly publication will be out shortly. Rhizodus is one of the featured prehistoric animals in the next issue. It is known from the Early Carboniferous and currently two valid species are recognised. It had a pair of huge fang-like teeth at the front of its jaws. Fossil specimens suggest these teeth were over twenty centimetres long. It was a huge, freshwater predator, measuring over five metres in length. Some palaeontologists speculate that it was an ambush predator. Lurking near the shore, it may have ambushed unwary animals coming down to the water to drink. This is a similar predatory method to a modern-day crocodile.

The bizarre theropod Incisivosaurus also features.

In addition, palaeontologist Jack Horner writes exclusively for the magazine. Horner opines about the recent changes in the science of palaeontology. John Lavas continues his exploration of the Czech artist Zdeněk Burian. Issue 157 covers Burian’s work on prehistoric rhinos. Furthermore, American palaeontologist Ken Carpenter discusses dinosaur footprints and trackways.

Everything Dinosaur’s review of issue 156: A Review of Issue 156.

Subscribers to this popular magazine can expect lots of other palaeontology themed articles. Moreover, we can expect input from regular writers such as Phil Hore, Randy Knol and Tracy L. Ford. Everything Dinosaur might be mentioned too.

The spring edition of “Prehistoric Times” magazine will be sent out shortly.

To purchase previous editions and to subscribe: Purchase/Subscribe to the Magazine.

New Study Demonstrates that Oldest Octopus Fossil is Not and Octopus
New Study Demonstrates that Oldest Octopus Fossil is Not and Octopus

8 04, 2026

New Study Demonstrates that Oldest Octopus Fossil is Not and Octopus

By Mike|2026-04-08T20:51:51+01:00April 8th, 2026|Categories: Palaeontological articles|0 Comments

A remarkable specimen once thought to be the oldest octopus fossil known to science has been reclassified. As a result, scientists have rewritten cephalopod evolutionary history. The specimen, named Pohlsepia mazonensis, comes from the famous Mazon Creek Lagerstätte. The strata dates to 311–306 million years ago approximately (Carboniferous). For years, scientists believed this fossil represented an early octopus. It pushed back the fossil record of these cephalopods by 150 million years. However, newly published research confirms that the fossil material represents a decaying nautiloid.

The part and counterpart of the Pohlsepia mazonensis specimen.

The fossils of Pohlsepia mazonensis. Pohlsepia mazonensis (left) PE51727a (part) and (right) Pohlsepia mazonensis PE51727b (counterpart). Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading.

Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading

A Fossil That Changed an Evolutionary Timeline

Previously, Pohlsepia played a crucial role in evolutionary studies. It served as a calibration point for molecular clocks. These studies suggested that octopuses evolved much earlier than expected. In fact, they pushed the origin of octobrachians back by around 150 million years. Prior to the finding of the Mazon Creek specimen PE51727a and PE51727b (part and counterpart), the earliest confirmed octopus fossils came from the Jurassic. Therefore, the fossil became a textbook example of what scientists call a “phylogenetic fuse”. This term describes a gap between predicted evolutionary origins and fossil evidence.

A timeline showing the placement of the oldest octopus fossil and it being an outlier when compared to a molecular clock of cephalopod evolution.

A schematic of a molecularly calibrated time-tree of cephalopod evolution with solid lines indicating known fossil occurrences. Blue squares indicate molecular divergence data based on Kröger et al, Tanner et al and López-Córdova et al. The putative position of Pohlsepia as a cirrate is marked, demonstrating the conflict of a highly derived crown-group octopus existing 150 million years before the transitional octopus fossils of the Mesozoic. Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading.

Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading

New Technology Reveals Hidden Details

Researchers led by Dr Thomas Clements (University of Reading), re-examined this enigmatic invertebrate fossil. They used advanced imaging techniques to uncover new evidence. In particular, the team applied synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence scanning. This powerful method detects chemical signatures within fossils.

As a result, the team identified a hidden structure inside the specimen. They discovered a radula, a tooth-bearing organ found in molluscs.

The soft tissue anatomy of Pohlsepia mazonensis. The putative anatomy of Pohlsepia mazonensis (PE51727a). Dotted lines represent unresolved anatomical characters, and solid lines represent unambiguous anatomical characters identified in this study. Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading.

Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading

Evidence Points to a Nautiloid

The radula proved to be the key to solving the mystery. Its tooth count and structure did not match an octopus. Instead, the features aligned with those of a nautiloid. Nautiloids are an ancient group of cephalopods, related to modern nautiluses. Therefore, scientists concluded that Pohlsepia is not an early octopus. Rather, it represents a decomposed nautiloid with preserved soft tissues. Furthermore, the Guinness Book of Records is going to have to be amended. The specimen had been logged as the oldest fossil example of an octopus known to science.

A model of a typical nautiloid. CollectA Nautilus pompilius sometimes referred to as the “Emperor nautilus” because of its large size.

The poor preservation of the specimen’s key anatomical soft tissue characters, such as the tentacles and the paired eyespots indicate that the animal was in an advanced state of decay before the fossilisation process began. Determining how long PE51727 decayed for is difficult, especially as there are limited studies investigating the decay and disarticulation of soft tissues in extant Nautilus for direct comparison. However, based on the observation of beak/radula disarticulation during the decay of coleoid cephalopods, and assuming no scavengers caused the carcass to disarticulate, it could occur somewhere between a few days and two weeks.

A radula and other mouth parts found in the fossil.

Magnified section of the fossil indicating the presence of mouth parts and a radula. Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading.

Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading

De-bunked Oldest Octopus Fossil Leads to a Rewriting of Cephalopod Evolution

This reinterpretation of the fossil material has significant implications. Firstly, it removes key evidence for a Palaeozoic origin of octopuses. As a result, the evolutionary timeline for octobrachians must be reconsidered. The fossil record now aligns more closely with other evidence. Moreover, this discovery highlights how scientific understanding evolves over time. New tools can overturn long-held assumptions.

An artist’s impression of the decaying nautiloid. The shell can be seen in the background whilst a pair of horseshoe crabs swim by. The elasmobranch Bandringa rayi can be seen (right). Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading.

Picture credit: Clements et al/University of Reading

A Rare Glimpse into Invertebrate Soft Tissue Preservation

Importantly, the study provides something equally valuable. It offers the clearest evidence of nautiloid soft tissues from the Palaeozoic. Soft tissues rarely fossilise. Therefore, specimens like this are exceptionally important. The Mazon Creek Lagerstätte is famous for such preservation. Even so, interpreting these fossils can be challenging. This study, published in “The Royal Society Proceedings B (Biology)”, demonstrates the potential of advanced imaging methods. Scientists can now detect structures hidden within rock matrices. Consequently, previously misunderstood fossils can be re-examined. This may lead to further discoveries and revisions of the fossil record.

In addition, the study opens the door to re-evaluating other Mazon Creek fossils. Many specimens may hold secrets yet to be uncovered. Perhaps, these advanced techniques might provide new insights into Mazon Creek’s most famous resident Tullimonstrum gregarium otherwise known as the “Tully Monster”.

To read a blog post about the extraordinary Tullimonstrum: “Tully Monster” Loses its Backbone.

Not the Oldest Octopus Fossil

Whilst not the oldest octopus remains known to science, PE51727a and its counterpart PE51727b reveals an equally fascinating aspect of palaeontology. These two concretions demonstrate the complexity of interpretating ancient remains. Furthermore, they show how technology continues to refine our understanding of ancient life.

This scientific paper and its associated media release are reminders. Even well-known fossils can still surprise us.

Everything Dinosaur acknowledges the assistance of a media release published on the University of Reading’s website in the compilation of this article.

The scientific paper: “Synchrotron data reveal nautiloid characters in Pohlsepia mazonensis, refuting a Palaeozoic origin for octobrachians” by Thomas Clements, Imran Alexander Rahman, Alan R.T. Spencer, Christian Klug, Dirk Fuchs, Isabelle Rouget, Isabella Kruta, Sebastian Schöder, Jack Wittry, Orla G. Bath Enright and Pierre Gueriau published in The Royal Society Proceedings B.

The Everything Dinosaur website: Museum Quality Prehistoric Animal Figures.

7 04, 2026

AI Platforms Provide Extremely Positive Reviews for Everything Dinosaur

By Mike|2026-04-08T09:56:22+01:00April 7th, 2026|Categories: Everything Dinosaur News and Updates|0 Comments

Have you ever wondered what ChatGPT, Gemini or Perplexity actually say about you? In the fast-moving online world rapidly becoming dominated by artificial intelligence (AI) companies are having to navigate a new digital environment. For example, for us at Everything Dinosaur, our website’s position in search engine queries is increasingly influenced by concepts such as AI optimisation (AIO) and generative engine optimisation (GEO). Two more acronyms that we have to get used to. Interestingly, AI insights for Everything Dinosaur yield extremely positive results.

But what do they mean?

AIO – AI Optimisation is our website structured in such a way so that AI agents can easily understand its content and navigate around it?
GEO – Generative Engine Optimisation is our website designed to have content cited as a reference in generative AI results?

AI Insights for Everything Dinosaur

This is all rather confusing to someone who would rather be looking at dinosaur models all day. However, our reputation for customer service and our dedication to our customers seems to be putting Everything Dinosaur into a favourable position when it comes to how AI views us and our business.

For example, we were recently invited by Yoast, a European based search engine optimisation company to take part in an exercise to reveal how AI agents viewed our brand. Intrigued, we submitted some basic information about us and the team at Yoast set about checking how leading AI platforms view Everything Dinosaur. In turn, these platforms help populate search queries.

The examination reveals overwhelmingly positive AI insights for Everything Dinosaur. In the analysis we scored 100% for our brand sentiment.

AI insights for Everything Dinosaur. Positive sentiments for the UK-based company.

A deep dive into how Artificial Intelligence (AI) perceives Everything Dinosaur reveals 100% positive sentiments towards Everything Dinosaur. Picture credit Yoast with additional annotation by Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Yoast with additional notation by Everything Dinosaur

The image (above) shows the report into brand sentiment. The AI platforms could not find any negative comments or sentiments expressed by Everything Dinosaur.

Reassuring for Customers

We might be living in an increasingly AI dominated world. However, we remain true to our values. For example, whilst we acknowledge the importance of making our websites AI friendly our priority remains keeping our sites easy to use for people. As a company, we continue to receive high praise from customers. We have thousands of Feefo and Google customer reviews. New reviews are posted nearly every day. Furthermore, we continue to retain a rating of “Exceptional”.

Sue from Everything Dinosaur pointing out that the Cheshire based business is rated as “Exceptional” for customer service by the independent rating company Feefo. Moreover, the company continues to receive 5-star customer reviews. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Sue from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“It is pleasing to note the brand sentiment results following a trawl through AI platforms. However, we remain committed to helping our customers and supporting them. Whilst we recognise the importance of AI, helping people is the core element of our business. After all, we are model collectors too.”

The award-winning and highly praised Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Models.

6 04, 2026

A Fabulous Kronosaurus Illustration

By Mike|2026-04-07T08:56:33+01:00April 6th, 2026|Categories: Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Drawings|0 Comments

Thank you Caldey for sending into Everything Dinosaur your fabulous Kronosaurus illustration. It is a wonderful drawing of the formidable prehistoric predator of the Early Cretaceous. Only one species is currently recognised (Kronosaurus queenslandicus). It was formally named and scientifically described over a hundred years ago (1924). Ironically, although its fossils are from Australia, Kronosaurus was described and named by an Englishman. Albert Heber Longman, originally from Wiltshire in southern England was the director of the Queensland Museum (Brisbane) and he was tasked with studying the fossil material which had been donated to the museum at the turn of the century. It was Longman who correctly identified the fossils as representing the remains of a giant pliosaur.

Although the size of Kronosaurus is controversial, most palaeontologists estimate that it grew to over ten metres in length. Caldey’s image captures the power and bulk of this apex predator. The complex colour scheme was inspired by living cetaceans. The colourful patterns inspired from a mixture of Atlantic white sided dolphin and the Common dolphin.

A fabulous Kronosaurus illustration. The colour scheme for the Kronosaurus was inspired by living cetaceans. Picture credit: Caldey.

Picture credit: Caldey

A Colourful Kronosaurus Illustration

The Kronosaurus is depicted swimming close to the water’s surface. It is propelled along by its robust flippers. The enormous, interlocking teeth have been carefully drawn, and we love the yellow stripe (inspired by the colouration of the Common dolphin), running from the corner of the jaw down the side of the body.

Sue from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“Thank you Caldey for sending your amazing Kronosaurus illustration. Kronosaurus is one of my favourite marine reptiles along with Mosasaurus, which you also kindly illustrated back in 2023.”

To see Caldey’s Mosasaurus (and Archelon) illustration from February 2023: Caldey Draws a Mosasaurus.