All about dinosaurs, fossils and prehistoric animals by Everything Dinosaur team members.
21 10, 2021

CollectA Deluxe Models in Stock

By |2022-10-25T12:43:18+01:00October 21st, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products, Press Releases|0 Comments

The remaining CollectA Deluxe prehistoric animal models that Everything Dinosaur are going to get this year have arrived and are now available from the UK-based mail order company. The new for 2021 CollectA Deluxe models include the 1:40 scale Dilophosaurus, a replica of the ferocious Cretaceous fish – Xiphactinus and a 1:20 scale model of the glyptodont Doedicurus.

CollectA Deluxe prehistoric animal models
New for 2021 CollectA Deluxe models in stock at Everything Dinosaur. The 1/40th scale Dilophosaurus (top), the 1:40 CollectA Deluxe Xiphactinus (middle) and the CollectA Deluxe 1:20 scale Doedicurus (bottom).

The eagerly anticipated CollectA Deluxe Pteranodon will not be in stock at Everything Dinosaur until next year (2022).

CollectA Deluxe Models

The CollectA Deluxe range comprises the figures and replicas that have a declared scale. The general scale used for dinosaur figures is 1:40 hence the 1/40th scale Dilophosaurus model. For prehistoric mammals, CollectA use a scale of approximately 1:20. For example, the new Deluxe Doedicurus is in 1:20 scale.

Model collectors and fans of prehistoric animals know that these scales are only arbitrary, there are so many dinosaurs and prehistoric mammals in the Deluxe range representing very different sized animals that these suggested scales can, at best, only be regarded as approximate guides.

CollectA Deluxe Dilophosaurus feature in Everything Dinosaur's video revew.
The new for 2021 CollectA Deluxe 1:40 scale Dilophosaurus dinosaur model. It has a declared scale of 1:40. The model measures 7.1 cm in height and it is in stock at Everything Dinosaur (2021).
CollectA Deluxe Doedicurus model.
The CollectA Deluxe 1:20 scale Doedicurus model.

Xiphactinus – Deadly Marine Predator

When Everything Dinosaur team members first announced the CollectA model line-up for 2021, there was much excitement about the addition of a Xiphactinus replica. Several species of Xiphactinus have been named and described. Fossil remains have been found in South America, Europe and most famously North America. Many almost complete and articulated specimens have been excavated from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation. With an estimated body length approaching six metres, Xiphactinus was one of the largest members of the extinct Ichthyodectidae family.

CollectA Deluxe Xiphactinus model.
The CollectA Deluxe 1:40 scale Xiphactinus prehistoric fish model.

A spokesperson from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“There have been huge problems with production, shipping and distribution, it is great to see these three models in stock and we look forward to announcing the new for 2022 CollectA Deluxe replicas in the very near future.”

To view the range of CollectA Deluxe figures, including the new Xiphactinus, Dilophosaurus and the 1:20 scale Doedicurus models: CollectA Deluxe Prehistoric Life.

20 10, 2021

ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus Video

By |2022-10-25T12:44:21+01:00October 20th, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Everything Dinosaur Products, Everything Dinosaur videos, Main Page, Product Reviews|0 Comments

Team members at Everything Dinosaur have produced a helpful video for the Everything Dinosaur YouTube channel that not only showcases the excellent ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis model, but also discusses the steps required to legally import this figure and to offer it for sale.

The video, which lasts around seven minutes, discusses the work done to get this model independently tested with Eurofins and permits dinosaur model collectors the opportunity to get a really good look at this collectable. Model measurements are provided including a measurement of that impressive neck frill and the narrator discusses the influence of the 1993 film “Jurassic Park” on Dilophosaurus model designs.

Dilophosaurus sinensis and Sinosaurus triassicus

As part of Everything Dinosaur’s commitment to help educate and inform, the video also addresses the thorny question as to whether Dilophosaurus sinensis is a valid dinosaur taxon. Similarities between the fossil material assigned to D. sinensis and fossils associated with the theropod Sinosaurus (S. triassicus) have been recorded. Some scientists including the eminent and highly influential Dong Zhiming have proposed that Dilophosaurus sinensis should be regarded as a junior synonym of Sinosaurus – our short video reviews the current position regarding these two taxa and shows line drawings and photographs of some of the fossils.

Everything Dinosaur ensures products are tested.
Everything Dinosaur team members have ensured that they have carried out their legal responsibilities by getting the ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus independently tested by Eurofins. In their latest YouTube video, the requirements to get this figure cleared for legal sale are explained.

A Different Species or an Entirely Different Genus

The video looks at some of the fossil evidence that suggests that Dilophosaurus sinensis could be a different species of Sinosaurus, a sister taxon to Sinosaurus triassicus or perhaps this enigmatic Early Jurassic theropod could have been an entirely different genus.

Dilophosaurus sinensis (Sinosaurus triassicus) life reconstruction
A life reconstruction of the Early Jurassic Chinese theropod Dilophosaurus sinensis (Sinosaurus triassicus). Picture credit: Zhao Chuang.

The Everything Dinosaur YouTube channel is crammed full of dinosaur model reviews, product news and helpful advice and tips when it comes to prehistoric animal model collecting. We recommend that readers subscribe to Everything Dinosaur.

Everything Dinosaur on YouTube: Everything Dinosaur on YouTube.

ITOY Studio Prehistoric Animal Models

ITOY Studio are putting together a very exciting range of prehistoric animal models and figures, including Ceratosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex and an amazing Paraceratherium model.

To view the range of ITOY Studio available from Everything Dinosaur: ITOY Studio Prehistoric Animal Models.

19 10, 2021

Giant Sea Scorpion from Southern China

By |2022-10-25T12:45:00+01:00October 19th, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Main Page, Palaeontological articles, Photos/Pictures of Fossils|0 Comments

A team of scientists, including a researcher from the London Natural History Museum have named a new species of ancient sea scorpion (eurypterid), that at around one metre in length was probably a top predator in its marine environment. Named Terropterus xiushanensis, it has been assigned to the Mixopteridae family within the Eurypterida and as such, it is the oldest mixopterid described to date and the first to be associated with Gondwana.

Terropterus xiushanensis life reconstruction.
The newly described eurypterid from the Lower Silurian of southern China (Terropterus xiushanensis) was probably the top predator in the marine ecosystem. Here it is seen attempting to catch some jawless fish. Picture credit: Dinghua Yang.

Terropterus xiushanensis

Writing in the journal “Science Bulletin”, the research team describe this new marine arthropod based on several fossils mostly representing the spiny front appendages, excavated from the Lower Silurian (Llandovery) Xiushan Formation, Xiushan. Two incomplete, but much larger fossils from the roughly contemporaneous Fentou Formation of Wuhan in Hubei Province have also been assigned to the Terropterus genus.

Terropterus xiushanensis fossils
Terropterus xiushanensis fossils (c) close-up of appendage V. Joint 5 or 6 of appendage III, paratype, NIGP 174786 (d). Joint 5 or 6 of appendage III, paratype, NIGP 174787 (e). Coxae, the first segment of a limb, paratype, NIGP 174788 (f). Genital operculum and the genital appendage, paratype, NIGP 174789 (g). Scale bars = 5 mm for (d), (f), (g); 2 mm for (e); 1 mm for (c). Picture credit: Wang et al.

A Formidable Predator

With an estimated length of around 1 metre, (based on the Fentou Formation fossils), Terropterus was far larger than any vertebrate predator known from Lower Silurian strata. Their second, and especially the third, pair of prosomal limbs are enlarged and armed with sharp spines. These limbs were presumably used for capturing prey, trilobites and other invertebrates as well as primitive fish.

Terropterus xiushanensis line drawings.
A line drawing of Terropterus xiushanensis – left dorsal view and right ventral view. Picture credit: Wang et al with additional annotation by Everything Dinosaur.

Mixopterids More Widespread than Previously Thought

Little is known about the evolution and distribution of the Mixopteridae. Only four species in two genera have been described previously and most of the research into these eurypterids took place in the early 20th century. Until the discovery of Terropterus all the mixopterids were associated with the ancient landmass of Laurussia. Terropterus extends the range of this family into marine environments associated with Gondwana.

Members of the Mixopteridae

  • Mixopterus simonsoni 1883 (Estonia).
  • Lanarkopterus dolichoschelus 1899 (Scotland).
  • Mixopterus multispinosus 1921 (New York).
  • Mixopterus kiaeri 1934 (Norway).

Phylogenetic assessment suggests that T. xiushanensis is a sister taxon to L. dolichoschelus.

The researchers note that mixopterids might share a common body plan with highly specialised anterior appendages armed with spines, which presumably played a role in attacking and holding prey, but there are marked differences between the known genera. This might indicate that some mixopterids attacked different kinds of prey.

Terropterus xiushanensis appendages
The holotype (NIGP 174785) appendages of Terropterus xiushanensis. Note scale bar = 5 mm. Picture credit: Wang et al.

The scientific paper: “First mixopterid eurypterids (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) from the Lower Silurian of South China” by Han Wang, Jason Dunlop, Zhikun Gai, Xiaojie Lei, Edmund A. Jarzembowski and Bo Wang published in Science Bulletin.

18 10, 2021

Scientists Find Remnants of Organic Molecules in the Cells of a Caudipteryx

By |2023-07-19T08:30:12+01:00October 18th, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Dinosaur Fans, Key Stage 3/4, Main Page, Palaeontological articles, Photos/Pictures of Fossils|0 Comments

An almost perfectly preserved specimen of the very bird-like theropod Caudipteryx has provided researchers with evidence of organic molecule preservation at a cellular and nuclear level. Writing in “Communications Biology”, scientists from the Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with colleagues from the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature (Shandong Province, eastern China), report on a study of fossilised cells from cartilage associated with a Caudipteryx thigh bone that reveal exquisite molecular preservation.

Photograph and line drawing of Caudipteryx specimen number STM4-3
Photograph of the Caudipteryx specimen (A) with (B) a close-up of the femur showing the extracted fragment outlined in yellow. Illustrative line drawing (C). Picture credit: Xiaoting Zheng et al.

Fragments from a Femur

The specimen (number STM4-3), is in the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature vertebrate fossil collection, one of the largest collections of dinosaur fossils in the world. It was collected from the Yixian Formation near Chaoyang City, Dapingfang Town (Liaoning Province) and is almost complete and partially articulated. Gastroliths are preserved in the stomach cavity and the outline of some feathers can also be seen. A right femur, measuring 15 cm in length was examined, a fragment removed representing cartilage and divided into three portions to permit detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histochemical staining, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) along with chemical analysis.

The research team realised that some cells had been mineralised by silicification after the death of the animal. This silicification is most likely what permitted the excellent preservation of these cells.

Cauditperyx.
A model of the theropod dinosaur Caudipteryx.

The picture (above) shows a Cauipteryx model produced by Safari Ltd.

To view the range of prehistoric animal figures in this range: Wild Safari Prehistoric World Models.

Li Zhiheng, an Associate Professor at the Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology and a co-author of the study commented that the discovery of cellular preservation in the cartilage was not unexpected stating:

“Geological data has accumulated over the years and shown that fossil preservation in the Jehol Biota was exceptional due to fine volcanic ashes that entombed the carcasses and preserved them down to the cellular level”.

Healthy Cells and Unhealthy, Dying Cells

The researchers discovered two main types of cells, cells that were healthy at the time of fossilisation, along with unhealthy cells that were porous and fossilised while in the process of dying.

Co-author Alida Bailleul (Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology), explained:

“It is possible that these cells were already dying even before the animal died”.

Cell death is a process that occurs naturally throughout the lives of all organisms. But being able to identify a fossilised cell at a specific life stage within the cell cycle is quite new in palaeontology.

Staining the Nuclei of Dinosaur Cells

The team isolated some cells and stained them with a purple chemical used by biologists to identify nuclei material. This chemical, hematoxylin, is known to bind to the nuclei of cells. Cells from a chicken were also stained to provide an extant comparison. One dinosaur cell showed a purple nucleus with some darker purple threads. This provides strong evidence to support the idea that the 125-million-year-old dinosaur cell has a nucleus so well-preserved that it retains some original biomolecules and threads of chromatin.

Chromatin is found within the cells of all living organisms. It consists of tightly packed DNA molecules. The results of this study thus provide preliminary data suggesting that remnants of original dinosaur DNA may still be preserved.

Caudipteryx cells from the femur
Photographs of three cartilage cells from the femur of Caudipteryx. The purple chemical hematoxylin binds to the nuclei of cells. After the dinosaur cells were stained one cell showed a purple nucleus, this suggests that the 125-million-year-old fossil cell is so well preserved it has retained some original biomolecules and threads of chromatin. This cell replicated the reaction to hematoxylin expected from a cell of a living chicken. Picture credit: Alida Bailleul.

Much Further Work is Required

Whilst highlighting the significance of this study, after all discovering that 125-million-year-old dinosaur cells react to hematoxylin staining in the same way as living cells is remarkable, the researchers concede that a much more refined and precise approach will be required if dinosaur DNA is to be identified and recovered in any quantity.

The Jehol Biota.
The Jehol Biota approximately 125 million years ago. The corpse of the Caudipteryx lies on the lake shore whilst a pair of Psittacosaurus wander past and pterosaurs fly overhead. A Confuciusornis bird perches on a tree, undeterred by the erupting volcano nearby. Picture credit: Zheng Qiuyang.

In 2020, Everything Dinosaur reported upon the discovery of chromosome-like chromatin threads preserved in the fossilised cartilage of a 75-million-year-old hadrosaur (Hypacrosaurus stebingeri). This study identified nuclear and cellular preservation which was previously unknown in a Cretaceous fossil specimen. To read our article: Cartilage, Proteins and Potential Dinosaur DNA?

The scientific paper: “Nuclear preservation in the cartilage of the Jehol dinosaur Caudipteryx” by Xiaoting Zheng, Alida M. Bailleul, Zhiheng Li, Xiaoli Wang and Zhonghe Zhou published in Communications Biology.

Visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

17 10, 2021

Shop Early for Christmas 2021

By |2022-10-25T12:46:29+01:00October 17th, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Main Page, Press Releases|0 Comments

Due to on-going issues with global logistics, delays at ports and the shortage of delivery drivers, Everything Dinosaur urges its customers to shop early for Christmas. Several major retailers have already issued warnings about problems with stock (Ikea, Tesco, Nestle) and major ports such as Felixstowe in the UK have reported cargo logjams and the port of Los Angeles (California) is having to work around the clock to clear back logs.

Team members at Everything Dinosaur are awaiting a number of deliveries, the first of which (CollectA) is scheduled to arrive next week (October 2021).

Shop early for Christmas 2021
Due to the on-going issues with global logistics, delays at ports and the shortage of delivery drivers Everything Dinosaur team members urge customers to shop early for Christmas 2021.

A spokesperson for the UK-based mail order company stated:

“We have been aware of potential problems with the delivery of stock for some time. Since the global pandemic first started, there have been problems with global shipping, team members are doing all they can to minimise the disruption for our customers. We will continue to monitor the situation and we have put in place robust plans to help manage product stocks”.

Delays with Parcel Deliveries

Parcels continue to be packed and despatched promptly and Everything Dinosaur will shortly begin packing orders 7-days a week to ensure a rapid despatch. Although postal and courier services are coping well at the moment, the company is anticipating that due to staff shortages in the mail system and other factors, Christmas parcel deliveries may take longer this year than usual.

Everything Dinosaur urges customers to shop early for Christmas.

If you have a question about Everything Dinosaur’s delivery services, or if you require additional information on deliveries as we approach the festive season contact Everything Dinosaur: Email Everything Dinosaur.

16 10, 2021

ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus on YouTube

By |2022-10-25T12:47:25+01:00October 16th, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products, Press Releases|0 Comments

The next video to be posted up on the Everything Dinosaur YouTube channel will feature the new for 2021 ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis dinosaur model. In this short video, due to be published next week (October 2021), Everything Dinosaur will update viewers on the product testing and provide a little bit of information on the controversial species – Dilophosaurus sinensis. Dinosaur fans and model collectors can expect the movie “Jurassic Park” to get a mention too.

ITOY Studio new Dilophosaurus dinosaur model
The title shot for the next Everything Dinosaur YouTube video in which we update model collectors on plans for a new Dilophosaurus model from ITOY Studio.

ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis Dinosaur Model

In Everything Dinosaur’s brief video, viewers will be able to see the new ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis dinosaur model on the company’s turntable. This will provide a 360-degree view of the figure, we will also show how big this model is and provide measurements, as well as providing a little information about the validity of the species.

ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis dinosaur model
ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis model. A new for 2021 dinosaur model coming into stock very shortly at Everything Dinosaur.

That Spectacular Neck Frill

The narrator will comment on the spectacular neck frill and demonstrate how to fit the dinosaur model securely into its display base. The steps to bring this product to the UK will be explained and details on the independent testing that has been carried out by Eurofins will be highlighted.

Everything Dinosaur ensures products are tested.
Everything Dinosaur team members have ensured that they have carried out their legal responsibilities by getting the ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus independently tested by Eurofins.

In Stock at Everything Dinosaur Before Christmas 2021

The ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus sinensis figure is due to be in stock at Everything Dinosaur before Christmas (2021). A spokesperson for the company stated that if all goes to plan, this excellent dinosaur model should be in stock at Everything Dinosaur in early December. It will be registered for sale by Everything Dinosaur under EU 2019/1020 market surveillance regulations so customers in Europe as well as elsewhere in the world can acquire this model too.

ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus dinosaur model (2021)
A view of the amazing head crests and the stunning neck frill on the new for 2021 ITOY Studio Dilophosaurus dinosaur model.

ITOY Studio have produced an incredible range of models including spectacular models of Ceratosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex and the giant Cenozoic mammal Paraceratherium. To view the range of ITOY Studio prehistoric animal models available from Everything Dinosaur: ITOY Studio Models.

To visit the Everything Dinosaur YouTube channel: Everything Dinosaur on YouTube.

We recommend readers subscribe to Everything Dinosaur on YouTube.

15 10, 2021

Carcharodontosaurus Meets a Carcharodontosaurid Tooth

By |2022-10-25T12:48:03+01:00October 15th, 2021|Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products, Photos/Pictures of Fossils|0 Comments

Our thanks to dinosaur model fan and fossil collector Luke who sent into Everything Dinosaur some pictures of one of his latest acquisitions, the PNSO Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus model. One of the pictures that Luke provided featured the impressive PNSO Carcharodontosaurus displayed alongside an equally impressive fossil tooth that Luke has in his collection. The broken tooth specimen most probably represents a carcharodontosaurid and we suspect that this fossil originated from Morocco (Kem Kem Formation).

Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus model next to a carcharodontosaurid tooth
The PNSO Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus dinosaur model stands next to a real carcharodontosaurid tooth. The tooth represents a broken tooth most likely originating from the Kem Kem Formation of Morocco.

The Kem Kem Formation

The Kem Kem Formation of Morocco and Algeria consists of a series of strata laid down in the Early to the early Late Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian faunal stages), approximately 95 to 100 million years ago. The majority of the deposits represent an inter-tidal, estuarine environment, with wide lagoons and flood plains crossed by many rivers. This environment supported an extensive and diverse flora and fauna. The fossils recovered tend to be fragmentary in nature, but numerous large predators have been identified including several different types of theropod dinosaur – abelisaurids, spinosaurids noasaurids and carcharodontosaurids such as Sauroniops and Carcharodontosaurus.

To read a blog post from Everything Dinosaur on the carcharodontosaurid Sauroniops: New Super-sized Predator Emerges out of the Kem Kem Formation.

Commenting on the picture sent by Luke, a spokesperson from Everything Dinosaur stated, that the tooth fossil was a fine example of a theropod tooth and it was in very good condition. The spokesperson added:

“The tooth is a fine addition to any fossil collection”.

PNSO Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus Compared to an Elephant Model

In addition to the fossil tooth photograph, Luke kindly sent in a picture of the PNSO Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus compared to a model of an African elephant (Loxodonta). The two figures work well and reminded team members at Everything Dinosaur of the Ray Harryhausen stop-motion animation fight between a carnivorous dinosaur and an elephant from the 1969 film “The Valley of the Gwangi”.

jPNSO Carcharodontosaurus model on display.
The PNSO Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus dinosaur model is shown next to an African elephant model and a human figure.

Our thanks to Luke for sending in the pictures. To view the range of PNSO prehistoric animal figures in stock at Everything Dinosaur, including Gamba the Carcharodontosaurus: PNSO Age of Dinosaurs.

14 10, 2021

Eofauna Diplodocus carnegii

By |2022-10-25T12:49:36+01:00October 14th, 2021|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Press Releases|1 Comment

Eofauna will introduce a replica of the Late Jurassic sauropod Diplodocus carnegii. This exciting dinosaur model will be available from Everything Dinosaur in 2022 and it is expected in stock in February (2022). Several species of Diplodocus have been named, D. carnegii, named after the Andrew Carnegie, the Scottish-born, American industrialist, is arguably the best known. This species was erected in 1901 based on CM 84, a beautifully preserved specimen consisting of most of the anterior portion (excluding the skull) of a single animal from the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation (Wyoming, USA).

Eofauna Diplodocus carnegii model with information card
The new for 2022 Eofauna Diplodocus carnegii dinosaur model is supplied with a beautifully illustrated collector’s card. Everything Dinosaur team members helped with the hang tag and labelling for the new Eofauna Diplodocus.

The 8th Eofauna Scientific Research Model

The new for 2022 Diplodocus figure is the 8th prehistoric animal replica in the series and the fifth dinosaur after the introduction of Giganotosaurus, Atlasaurus and the Triceratops pair – Cryptic and Dominant, that came out earlier this year (spring 2021).

The Diplodocus figure is the longest in the range, it measures approximately 60 cm in length and that carefully crafted head is around 11 cm off the ground. The Diplodocus carnegii has a declared scale of 1:40.

Eofauna Diplodocus scale model
The Eofauna Diplodocus carnegii model measures around 60 cm in length and stands 11 cm tall. It is a 1/40th scale model.

A spokesperson from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“It is great to hear that this amazing Diplodocus model is coming out shortly. The hard-working and dedicated staff at Eofauna have built up a deserved reputation for the quality and accuracy of their prehistoric animal figures. The arrival of this new Diplodocus replica in February 2022 or thereabouts, is being eagerly anticipated by dinosaur fans and model collectors”.

Eofauna Diplodocus dinosaur model.
Eofauna Diplodocus carnegii dinosaur model in oblique posterior view.

Eofauna Scientific Research Models in Stock at Everything Dinosaur

Everything Dinosaur has been proud to support his excellent range of prehistoric animal figures. The first model (Steppe Mammoth) was introduced in 2017 and this range of scale models is going from strength to strength.

Steppe Mammoth model.
The amazing detail on this Steppe Mammoth model can be easily seen. The Steppe Mammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii) was introduced in the autumn of 2017.

To see the range of Eofauna prehistoric animal models in stock at Everything Dinosaur: Eofauna Scientific Research.

13 10, 2021

Beipiaosaurus Revisited

By |2022-10-25T12:50:12+01:00October 13th, 2021|Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Dinosaur Fans, Main Page, Palaeontological articles, Photos/Pictures of Fossils|0 Comments

Fans of the now retired Carnegie Collection series of prehistoric animal models, might remember a model of the therizinosaur Beipiaosaurus (B. inexpectus). The model, introduced in 2006 and withdrawn in 2014, might have given dinosaur fans the wrong impression when it comes to this Chinese theropod. Not that the replica made by Safari Ltd was highly inaccurate, but when the model was produced, only the skull of Beipiaosaurus had actually been studied in detail. Now, some twenty-two years after this small therizinosaur was named, scientists including Xing Xu who was one of the authors of the paper describing the skull, have revisited the fossil material and completed their analysis by focusing on the postcranial fossils.

Beipiaosaurus dinosaur model.
The Carnegie collection Beipiaosaurus dinosaur model which was retired in 2014. This model was produced at a time when only the skull of this dinosaur had been studied in detail.

Beipiaosaurus inexpectus

Named and described in 1999, from fossils found by a local farmer three years earlier, Beipiaosaurus heralds from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Sihetun locality, near Beipiao), Liaoning Province, China. Described as a basal therizinosaur, it is thought to represent a key taxon in helping scientists to understand the evolution of the Therizinosauridae. Scientists writing in the on-line, open access journal PLOS One, provide an extensive description of the postcranial fossil material associated with the holotype specimen (IVPP V 11559). After Beipiaosaurus had been named, more bones associated with the holotype were found at the original fossil site and these fossils have helped palaeontologists to identity further unique, anatomical characteristics.

Photographs of pelvic girdle elements of Beipiaosaurus.
Photographs of pelvic girdle elements of B. inexpectus (IVPP V 11559). Picture credit: Liao et al.

Additional Autapomorphies

Analysis of the hip socket (acetabulum) length provided a new autapomorphy helping to distinguish Beipiaosaurus from other therizinosaurs.

The shape of the ilium, specifically the pubic peduncle (marked as I.P.P in picture C, above), provides a second unique characteristic for this genus identified in this study.

The manual ungual (finger claw bone) in digit III is the longest one in B. inexpectus. In other therizinosaurs, it is the manual ungual of digit II that is the longest. This is the third additional autapomorphy identified in this research paper.

Photographs of right forelimb elements of B. inexpectus.
Photographs of right forelimb elements of B. inexpectus (IVPP V 11559). The long ungual associated with digit III is unique to this taxon amongst known therizinosaurs. Picture credit: Liao et al.

The authors of the scientific paper, provide a detailed description of the skeleton of Beipiaosaurus, including fossil bone associated with the holotype that have not been reported upon before. Their study has revised the diagnostic features associated with this dinosaur. For example, the researchers examined two dorsal vertebrae that had previously not been studied.

Photographs of B. inexpectus.
Photographs of the dorsal vertebrae of B. inexpectus (IVPP V 11559). This study examined in detail two dorsal vertebrae that had not been studied previously. Picture credit: Liao et al.

The new study into this feathered dinosaur that was named and described more than twenty years ago has helped palaeontologists to better understand the postcranial skeleton of Beipiaosaurus, helps distinguish it from other therizinosaurians and provides insights into therizinosaur evolution.

Furthermore, the researchers, who include Shiying Wang and Chun-Chi Liao (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Lindsay Zanno (North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences) as well as Xing Xu, identified several new synapomorphies helping to clarify the evolutionary history of the Therizinosauridae family. A synapomorphy is a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in a more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants.

The scientific paper: “Postcranial osteology of Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (Theropoda: Therizinosauria” by Chun-Chi Liao, Lindsay E. Zanno, Shiying Wang and Xing Xu published in PLOS One.

12 10, 2021

Diabloceratops Drawing

By |2023-07-15T14:04:36+01:00October 12th, 2021|Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Drawings, Dinosaur Fans, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products|0 Comments

Our thanks to Caldey who sent into Everything Dinosaur another drawing of a horned dinosaur. This time Caldey has chosen to illustrate a centrosaurine, the spectacular Diabloceratops (D. eatoni), a plant-eater that roamed Utah during the Campanian faunal stage of the Late Cretaceous.

With its huge pair of horns extending beyond the headshield and its large, brow horns, Diabloceratops (devil horned face), was one very impressive-looking dinosaur.

A Diabloceratops eatoni drawing by Caldey
The very colourful horned dinosaur by talented young artist Caldey. We think that Caldey drew inspiration from the Beasts of the Mesozoic Diabloceratops (D. eatoni) replica.

Inspired by a Beasts of the Mesozoic Ceratopsian

Team members at Everything Dinosaur think that this colourful ceratopsian illustration was inspired by the colour scheme on the Beasts of the Mesozoic articulated Diabloceratops figure.

Beasts of the Mesozoic Diabloceratops
The Beasts of the Mesozoic articulated Diabloceratops eatoni model. This replica of a centrosaurine was part of the first wave of ceratopsian figures to be produced in the Beasts of the Mesozoic range.

The picture above shows the articulated Diabloceratops in the Beasts of the Mesozoic model range.

To view this range of articulated dinosaur figures: Beasts of the Mesozoic Dinosaurs.

A Diabloceratops Duo

This Diabloceratops illustration we received this week is not the first Diabloceratops drawing from Caldey that we have been sent. In 2019, Schleich introduced a Diabloceratops figure, this model proved to be extremely popular and shortly after its introduction Caldey sent into Everything Dinosaur her illustration of the Schleich model.

Schleich Diabloceratops dinosaur drawing.
The Schleich Diabloceratops inspired Caldey to illustrate this dinosaur back in 2019.
Schleich Diabloceratops dinosaur model.
A close-up view of the front end (anterior portion) of the Schleich Diabloceratops dinosaur model. This horned dinosaur model, introduced in 2019 inspired Caldey to produce her first illustration of Diabloceratops that was sent to Everything Dinosaur. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

A spokesperson from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“Some of the spectacular horned dinosaurs that have been recently named and described have proved very popular with palaeoartists of all ages. Our thanks to Caldey for sending into us her Diabloceratops drawing. Her artwork is greatly appreciated”.

Visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

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