All about dinosaurs, fossils and prehistoric animals by Everything Dinosaur team members.
25 09, 2025

An Eofauna Mastodon Model Review: Stunning Accuracy and Breathtaking Detail

By |2025-09-27T21:52:45+01:00September 25th, 2025|Categories: Product Reviews|0 Comments

Our thanks to model collector William who sent in a review of the Eofauna Scientific Research Mastodon model.  William is a big fan of the Eofauna figures.  For example, his review praises this model. The Eofauna Mammut americanum model is a triumph of scientific accuracy and artistry. At 1:35 scale, this museum-quality replica offers collectors both beauty and precision. From its first impression, it is clear this is not a toy but a serious figure for dedicated enthusiasts and collectors.

The Eofauna American mastodon figure.

The Eofauna American mastodon figure.

A Head Sculpt with Remarkable Detail

The head sculpt is especially impressive. The replica captures the powerful skull shape of Mammut americanum with precision. Its curved tusks are finished in an aged ivory tone, while the trunk is posed naturally to suggest movement. Bright, glossy eyes bring the face to life, giving the figure a sense of intelligence and presence. The body highlights Eofauna’s commitment to realism. The chest is broad, the limbs are strong, and the stance suggests gentle motion. Every wrinkle and fold of the skin has been sculpted with care. Subtle muscle definition adds weight and realism, while the textured hide hints at the strength and power of this animal.

To view the range of Eofauna Scientific Research models in stock: Eofauna Scientific Research Models.

The Eofauna Mammut americanum

The reviewer highlighted the natural colours and textures.  He explained that the colours of the model add depth. Rich brown tones blend with darker and lighter shades to create a natural, earthy effect. Tiny details, such as grain on the tusks and folds in the skin, enhance the sense of authenticity. The suggestion of coarse fur across the flanks adds yet another layer of realism. William added that collectors will appreciate the extras.

It is supplied with a bonus card featuring artwork and information about this enigmatic prehistoric proboscidean. In addition, Everything Dinosaur send out a free fact sheet with sales of this model. The packaging is sturdy and designed to protect the figure in transit, ensuring it arrives in pristine condition.

Praise for Everything Dinosaur

William also praised Everything Dinosaur. From secure packaging to rapid delivery, he highlighted our dedication to collectors. The company’s commitment to customer service and educational outreach sets it apart. Our efforts keep collectors informed, inspired, and supported.

The reviewer concluded that the Eofauna Mammut americanum is a masterpiece. It blends artistry with science, creating a model that captures the spirit of a lost giant. For collectors, it is an essential addition to any serious collection.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur thanked William for his review and stated:

“The Eofauna models are popular with collectors. Our thanks to William for his super review.”

The award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Prehistoric Animal Figures.

24 09, 2025

A Beautiful, Bronze Diplodocus Statue

By |2025-09-28T16:27:26+01:00September 24th, 2025|Categories: Photos|0 Comments

Mike and Sue from Everything Dinosaur visited the London Natural History Museum gardens and photographed Fern the Diplodocus.  The bronze Diplodocus on display is a copy of “Dippy” the famous Diplodocus exhibit that was on display in the Hintze Hall.  Hintze Hall is the largest public gallery space in the Museum.  The Diplodocus exhibit was removed in 2017 and replaced by “Hope” the skeleton of a twenty-two-metre-long Blue whale that is suspended from the ceiling.

To read a blog post from 2017 about the refurbishment of Hintze Hall: A Whale of a Time at the London Natural History Museum.

“Dippy” a Diplodocus cast presented to the London Natural History Museum in 1905 embarked on a tour of the UK.  However, plans were in place to include a statue based on this exhibit in the gardens that surround the iconic building.  The gardens tell the story of evolution and provide a green space away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Fern the Diplodocus

The project to erect a bronze Diplodocus statue outside enabled palaeontologists and engineers to correct some of the mistakes in the original Hintze Hall “Dippy”.  For example, the bones were realigned to give the bronze statue a more natural stance. The position of the hip bones was also changed so as to bring them into a more natural position.  In addition, the feet were placed in a more anatomically accurate position.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“Dinosaurs walked on their toes.  They have a digitigrade stance.  When the bronze Diplodocus statue was being cast and assembled the palaeontologists were able to supervise the positioning of the feet.  The were able to pose the feet in a more anatomically correct position.  Sauropods like Diplodocus did not have their feet flat against the floor in a plantigrade stance.  This was seen in the old “Dippy” exhibit.  Instead, the feet of the bronze cast have been raised slightly.  The foot has been arched up slightly because when Diplodocus roamed the planet in the Jurassic, it had a big pad of tissue under each foot, similar to the foot pad of an elephant.  These pads helped to support the dinosaur’s huge weight.”

The head of Fern the Diplodocus.

A close-up view of the head of Fern the Diplodocus statue on display in the gardens of the Natural History Museum London. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Adjusting the Atlas

The replica of Diplodocus known as “Dippy” had another error in its construction.  The small vertebra in the neck closest to the skull was erected upside down. This bone in the neck (C1 vertebra) is called the Atlas.  It connects the skull to the spine.  When creating and assembling the bronze statue, museum staff were able to ensure the Atlas was orientated the right way up. For a dinosaur with such a long neck, it is important to get the cervical vertebrae correct.

Rebor recently introduced a beautiful Diplodocus (D. carnegii) model. This model, known as “Artist Proof”, was supplied with two interchangeable necks.  Collectors were encouraged to paint their own models.

The Rebor "Artist Proof" Diplodocus is supplied with two interchangeable necks.

The Rebor “Artist Proof” Diplodocus is supplied with two interchangeable necks.

The picture (above) shows the incredible Rebor Diplodocus figure “Artist Proof”.  It is an amazing replica of this famous Late Jurassic sauropod.

To view the range of Rebor models and figures in stock: Rebor Figures.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur added:

“Fern the Diplodocus attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors. However, few people know how the original 1905 cast was altered when this statue was erected. It is a most imposing exhibit.  Moreover, the gardens are often less crowded, especially early in the morning, compared to the Museum. This permits visitors to get a lot closer to an iconic Diplodocus.”

The award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Prehistoric Animal and Dinosaur Models.

23 09, 2025

A New Species of Patagonian Megaraptor is Announced

By |2025-09-27T15:10:08+01:00September 23rd, 2025|Categories: Palaeontological articles|0 Comments

A new species of Patagonian megaraptor has been described.  Joaquinraptor casali provides further insight into this enigmatic Cretaceous dinosaur family.  The fossil material casts light on these giant-clawed theropods, as this is only the second member of the Megaraptoridae family to have been discovered with extensive skull remains.  The study has been published in the journal “Nature Communications”.

Intriguingly, the field team found a crocodyliform humerus between the lower jaw bones of Joaquinraptor.  This suggests that that the new megaraptor may have been eating the crocodyliform when it died.  However, this is only an assertion, it is not definitive.  The limb bone could have ended up lodged between the dentaries as a result of being washed into the submerged mouth of the dinosaur’s carcase.

Joaquinraptor casali life reconstruction.

Joaquinraptor casali life reconstruction. The new megaraptor dinosaur species Joaquinraptor casali in what is now central Patagonia, Argentina roughly 67 million years ago. The carnivore holds a crocodyliform (= extinct crocodile relative) front leg in its mouth, in keeping with the discovery of a crocodyliform forelimb bone between the lower jaws. Picture credit: Andrew McAfee, Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

Picture credit: Andrew McAfee, Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

The upper arm bone of the crocodyliform bears tooth marks and the bone was touching some of the megaraptor’s teeth.  So, some kind of interspecific interaction seems likely. Perhaps, the theropod and the crocodyliform were fighting.  For example, the two predators could have been battling over a food resource.

Joaquinraptor casali and crocodyliform limb bone.

Possible evidence of diet or predation in the new megaraptor dinosaur species Joaquinraptor casali. (a) Dentaries (= tooth-bearing lower jaw bones) of Joaquinraptor and an associated crocodyliform (= extinct crocodile relative) forelimb bone in the position in which they were found, prior to their separation in the laboratory. Detail (b) view showing a portion of the croc forelimb bone in contact with the teeth of Joaquinraptor. The croc bone (c) after its separation from the Joaquinraptor dentaries. Picture credit: Lucio M. Ibiricu et al.

Picture credit: Lucio M. Ibiricu et al

Joaquinraptor casali

Joaquinraptor seems to be quite typical for a megaraptor.  It had a long, low skull lined with serrated teeth and powerful forelimbs. The two innermost talons of the hand were tipped with large claws.  The genus name honours Joaquín, the son of the first author (Lucio M. Ibiricu) and the informal name given to the locality when the skeleton of the taxon was discovered (Valle Joaquín). Dr Gabriel Andrés Casal inspired the species epithet.  Dr Casal has made a significant contribution to our understanding of Cretaceous dinosaurs from Argentina.  In addition, he was responsible for the formal recognition and naming of the formation from which this megaraptorid was recovered (the Lago Colhué Huapi Formation).

Joaquinraptor casali bones preserved.

A skeletal reconstruction of the new megaraptor dinosaur species Joaquinraptor casali showing the bones preserved (in blue). Other parts of the skeleton and body outline silhouette are based on closely related species. Photos of many of the preserved bones in various views surround the skeletal reconstruction. Skeletal reconstruction by T.K. Robinson and Andrew McAfee. Picture credit: Lucio M. Ibiricu et al.

Picture credit: Lucio M. Ibiricu et al

The Geologically Youngest Member of the Megaraptoridae

The researchers estimate that Joaquinraptor was around seven metres in length.  It probably weighed a tonne. This newly described theropod is also likely to be the geologically youngest megaraptor ever discovered.  Megaraptors survived until the end of the Cretaceous, 66 million years ago.  The partial, skeleton comes from the Chubut Province (southern Patagonia).  It was studied by Dr Lucio Ibiricu of Argentina’s Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología, and several other scientists including Dr Matt Lamanna of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

Dr Lamanna commented:

“At the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, we’re always seeking to better comprehend the history of life on our planet.  Every year, our team of experts conducts field work all over the world, helping to ensure that we’re on the cutting edge of research.  New revelatory dinosaur discoveries, like Joaquinraptor casali, deepen our understanding of how extraordinary creatures lived and advance understanding of the natural world, both past and present.”

Joaquinraptor fossils in the field (2019).

Fossils of the new megaraptor dinosaur species J. casali in the quarry, laying in the positions they had laid for approximately 67 million years. A dentary, teeth, ribs, and several other bones are visible. Picture credit: Marcelo Luna, Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados Dr. Rubén Martínez, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

An analysis of a cross section of the tibia revealed that this dinosaur was at least nineteen years old when it perished. However, whilst the researchers considered the specimen to have been sexually mature, it was not fully grown.

Everything Dinosaur acknowledges the assistance of a media release from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in the compilation of this article.

The scientific paper: “Latest Cretaceous megaraptorid theropod dinosaur sheds light on megaraptoran evolution and palaeobiology” by Lucio M. Ibiricu, Matthew C. Lamanna, Bruno N. Alvarez, Ignacio A. Cerda, Julieta L. Caglianone, Noelia V. Cardozo, Marcelo Luna and Rubén D. Martínez published in Nature Communications.

The Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur Models.

22 09, 2025

A Special Preview of the Front Cover Art of Issue 155 of “Prehistoric Times”

By |2025-09-27T14:54:50+01:00September 22nd, 2025|Categories: Prehistoric Times|0 Comments

Mike and Sue of Everything Dinosaur have received a special preview image of the front cover art for the next issue of “Prehistoric Times” magazine. Issue 155 (autumn/fall) 2025 will be despatched shortly.  There is an article about prehistoric sharks in this issue.  Hence the front cover artwork which features a prehistoric shark doing its best to avoid the jaws of a theropod dinosaur. Our thanks to editor Mike Fredericks for sending the image.

"Prehistoric Times" magazine front cover (issue 155).

The front cover of “Prehistoric Times” magazine (issue 155). This edition has a special focus on prehistoric sharks, and it also features the armoured dinosaur Polacanthus. Picture credit: Mike Fredericks.

Picture credit: Mike Fredericks

To learn more about this quarterly magazine and to subscribe: “Prehistoric Times” Magazine.

“Prehistoric Times” Magazine

“Prehistoric Times” is the leading magazine for dinosaur fans and collectors. Each full-colour issue runs for over sixty pages. Inside, you will find expert reviews of the newest prehistoric animal model kits, toy figures, and books. The magazine also features exclusive interviews with artists and scientists. You can enjoy world-class palaeoart and discover the latest findings in palaeontology. In addition, “Prehistoric Times” delivers unique news and insights about prehistoric life that you will not find anywhere else. Moreover, Everything Dinosaur occasionally features too.

Polacanthus (P. foxii) is also featured in issue 155.  It is one of our favourite prehistoric animals.  The holotype fossil material was found by the Reverend William Fox on the Isle of Wight in early 1865.  This taxon remains one of the most controversial of the Early Cretaceous armoured dinosaurs. For example, several species have been named but only the type specimen Polacanthus foxii is regarded as valid.

CollectA Deluxe Polacanthus model in dorsal view.

The CollectA Deluxe Polacanthus model. A prototype figure photographed in dorsal view to show the detailed armour. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

The picture (above) features the recently introduced CollectA Deluxe Polacanthus figure.

To view the CollectA Deluxe model range: CollectA Deluxe Prehistoric Animal Models.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“We have subscribed to this magazine for years.  Every issue is packed full of interesting features and articles.  We look forward to issue 155 and reading about Polacanthus and prehistoric sharks.  In addition, we are certain to enjoy reading about Burian’s mammoths.”

The Everything Dinosaur website: Prehistoric Animal and Dinosaur Models.

21 09, 2025

Eofauna Mammuthus Model Review – A Colossal Masterpiece from the Pleistocene

By |2025-09-21T22:13:50+01:00September 21st, 2025|Categories: Eofauna Scientific Research Models|0 Comments

Our thanks to model collector William who sent into Everything Dinosaur a review of the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi model.  William praised this 1:35 scale replica and provided a detailed review.

William stated that the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi is more than a model. It is a scientifically accurate replica with stunning detail. This figure celebrates one of the most iconic Ice Age mammals. It even includes a collectable card, making it ideal for dedicated collectors.

First Impressions of the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi

William is a big fan of this figure.  He commented that the moment you see it, its presence dominates. It is not simply a toy.  It’s a scientifically crafted figure that brings the Pleistocene to life.  It is a remarkable piece of model engineering. Its realism makes it a true centrepiece to any collection.

Columbian mammoth figure (Eofauna Scientific Research).

The beautiful Columbian mammoth figure.

To view the range of Eofauna prehistoric animal figures in stock at Everything Dinosaur: Eofauna Prehistoric Animal Figures.

The Head Sculpt of the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi

William commented that the head sculpt impresses with its accuracy.  The broad forehead and strong trunk are perfectly formed.  The long, spiralling tucks are described as curving outwards in a classic style.  Subtle facial features add strength, character and intelligence to the model.

Main Body Sculpt

Moving onto the body, the reviewer stated that the body of the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi model reflects expert anatomical knowledge. Powerful muscles and folds run across the shoulders and flanks. The tall shoulder hump, a mammoth hallmark, is praised. William in his review stated that every contour adds realism.

Moving on, the limbs and stance were discussed.  William commented that the limbs look robust and weighty.  Each leg portrayed the true mass of this Ice Age giant.  Natural folds at the joints gave the impression of movement. Wide, textured feet provide excellent stability, making the figure secure on display.  A very helpful attribute for anyone wanting to put their figure into a diorama.

A Columbian mammoth scale drawing.

Everything Dinosaur has commissioned an illustration of a Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi). This prehistoric elephant roamed North America during the Pleistocene Epoch. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

The Colour and Texture of the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi Figure

William explained that he thought the paintwork elevates this replica. Deep, earthy browns dominate, highlighted with lighter ochres.  Darker tones fill the creases, giving depth and shadow. The rough hide texture feels ancient and convincing. The glossy, intelligent eye completes the realistic impression.

Our reviewer also provided helpful measurements and confirmed the scale:

  • Length: 20.5 cm
  • Height: 11.5 cm
  • Scale: 1:35

This scale allows collectors to display the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi alongside other 1:35 prehistoric figures.

In addition, William commented that the model arrived securely packaged and that collectors will enjoy the bonus card.  Customers of Everything Dinosaur also receive a free, M. columbi fact sheet.

Final Thoughts on the Eofauna Mammuthus columbi Figure

In concluding his review William stated:

“The Eofauna Mammuthus columbi is a must-have for Ice Age enthusiasts. Its detailed sculpting, museum-quality finish, and scientific accuracy set it apart. More than a figure, it is a tribute to a magnificent creature that once roamed North America.”

Mike from Everything Dinosaur thanked William for his comprehensive review.  It is always a pleasure to receive feedback from a customer about a recent purchase.

He added:

“Sue and I are fans of the Eofauna Scientific Research range too.  This range of figures features several prehistoric elephants, and they will soon be joined by a fabulous Paraceratherium figure. Thank you William, for your Columbian mammoth review.”

The award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Prehistoric Animal Models and Toys.

20 09, 2025

Celebrating a New 5-star Feefo Review from France

By |2025-09-21T20:52:43+01:00September 20th, 2025|Categories: Everything Dinosaur News and Updates|0 Comments

We are delighted to share that Everything Dinosaur has received yet another glowing 5-star Feefo review. This time, the feedback comes from a valued customer in France. Positive reviews like this highlight the passion we put into every prehistoric animal we sell. After all, we are model collectors too.

The French customer review highlighted our professionalism.  We try our best. Reviews like this mean a lot to us.

5-star Feefo review for Everything Dinosaur.

Another 5-star Feefo review for Everything Dinosaur’s customer service. Picture credit: Feefo.

Picture credit: Feefo

A 5-star Feefo Review from France

The customer went onto to write:

“After order registration, first friendly quick contact with Mike. Rare items well packaged. Two days to arrive in my letter box. I don’t know Sue yet, but I think they must complement each other wonderfully.”

Each 5-star Feefo review offers independent proof that customers value our dedication. Feedback also helps new collectors choose Everything Dinosaur with confidence. After all, Feefo only collects genuine reviews from verified buyers.

The award-winning and highly rated Everything Dinosaur website: Prehistoric Animal Models.

19 09, 2025

Ultimate Do’s and Don’ts for Assembling the Rebor Kiss Island Figure

By |2025-09-19T07:19:58+01:00September 19th, 2025|Categories: Rebor Models and Figures|0 Comments

Discover the essential do’s and don’ts for assembling your Rebor Tyrannosaurus rex Kiss Island figure. Learn safe tips for fitting the tail, posing arms, and adjusting the jaw without damage.

If you want your Rebor Tyrannosaurus rex Kiss Island model to look its best, take a few minutes to examine the figure before attempting to assemble.  For instance, the tail piece can be difficult to insert into the body.  If you struggle to insert the tail, you could inadvertently damage the delicate arms of the model as you try to force the tail piece home.

The Rebor T. rex Kiss Island coloured model.

The new for 2025 Rebor Kiss Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur model. This figure has an articulated lower jaw, moveable arms and a flexible tail. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Assembling the Rebor Tyrannosaurus rex Kiss Island Figure

Things could go wrong if you try to force the parts together.  You could damage the model, or you could injure yourself by pushing and twisting too hard. Instead, you should gently prepare each part before assembly.  To insert the tail, dip the tail plug in hot water, or heat it with a hairdryer.  In addition, you could add a tiny smear of vegetable oil to help the joint slide into place smoothly.

Straight out of the box, the arms can be stiff.  These too can be warmed with a hairdryer to loosen the plastic before posing.  Furthermore, you could treat the articulated jaw in the same way.  Please do not try to force the mouth open.

A Rebor "Kiss" Tyrannosaurus rex in the island colour scheme shown in anterior view.

The spectacular Rebor “Kiss” T. rex version in the island colour scheme.

To view the range of Rebor prehistoric animal models in stock: Rebor Prehistoric Animal Figures.

An Impressive Dinosaur Model

Taking a little care assembling your Rebor Tyrannosaurus rex Kiss Island figure is worthwhile.  It is an extremely impressive dinosaur model.  The figure makes a splendid addition to any prehistoric animal model collection.  Taking time to carefully assemble your model gives you peace of mind.  You know that you have an impressive and valuable item in your collection.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“I want collectors to avoid frustration. My hope is that these tips will help dinosaur fans to assemble their Rebor figure.  By taking their time, collectors can ensure that they have a pristine Rebor model in their collection.”

The award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Figures.

18 09, 2025

Beautiful Pachycephalosaur Fossils from the Gobi Desert Lead to a New Species

By |2025-09-24T07:35:55+01:00September 18th, 2025|Categories: Palaeontological articles|0 Comments

The thick-skulled, dome-headed pachycephalosaurs are among the most enigmatic and yet, poorly known of all the Dinosauria.  For example, these ornithischians, with their elaborate cranial ornamentation are thought to have evolved complex social behaviours.  After all, the idea that those super thick skulls played a role in butting contests has been around for a long time.  The pachycephalosaurs have a new member.  The recently described Zavacephale rinpoche represents the oldest pachycephalosaur known to science.  It roamed Mongolia around 115 to 108 million years ago.  Its discovery helps palaeontologists to reconstruct the origins and the early evolution of the pachycephalosaurians.

Zavacephale rinpoche life reconstruction.

The fossil represents a sub-adult, but the skull already has the distinctive dome. This indicates that pachycephalosaurs developed features relating to combat or display before they reached adulthood. Picture credit: Masato Hattori.

Picture credit: Masato Hattori

Zavacephale rinpoche

The fossil specimen, thought to represent a sub-adult, was discovered in the Khuren Dukh locality of the Eastern Gobi Basin. Not only is the specimen the oldest pachycephalosaur known to science, the skeleton is the most complete for this type of dinosaur found to date.

Corresponding author for the study, Lindsay Zanno, an associate research professor at North Carolina State University commented:

“Pachycephalosaurs are iconic dinosaurs, but they’re also rare and mysterious.”

The fossil material was found by Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig (Mongolian Academy of Sciences), the lead author of the study published in the journal “Nature”. The Z. rinpoche specimen was not fully grown when it died. However, it already bore a fully formed dome, though without much of the additional ornamentation found on other pachycephalosaur fossils.  The genus name is derived from zava which means “root” or “origin” in Tibetan and “cephal” which translates from Latin meaning head. The species name is derived from the Tibetan phrase for “precious one” as the domed skull was exposed on a cliff like a cabochon jewel.

Lindsay Zanno handling the skull of Zavacephale rinpoche.

Lindsay Zanno of the Department of Biological Sciences, (North Carolina State University), highlighting the morphology of the Zavacephale rinpoche skull. Picture credit: Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza.

Picture credit: Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza

Predating All Other Pachycephalosaur Fossils by at Least 14 Million Years

Zavacephale rinpoche pushes back fossil evidence of the frontoparietal dome by at least fourteen million years.  Furthermore, the skeleton, which is more than fifty percent complete, preserves regions of the body not scientifically described in any other pachycephalosaur.  For example, scientists could examine an almost complete tail covered in ossified tendons.  In addition, bones from the hand, a first for a pachycephalosaur, were found.

Intriguingly, the specimen had a gastrolith mass preserved in the stomach region.  These stomach stones suggest an omnivorous diet.  The stones ground up tough plant food to help with digestion.  It had been thought that these dinosaurs were herbivores.  However, recent discoveries such as fang-like teeth had led some researchers to speculate that they were carnivorous ornithischians.  The discovery of these stomach stones lends support to the theory that pachycephalosaurs probably ate both plants and animals, that they were omnivores.

To read a blog post from Everything Dinosaur: Pachycephalosaurus – Was it Carnivorous?

Highlighting the significance of Zavacephale rinpoche Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig stated:

“Z. rinpoche predates all known pachycephalosaur fossils to date by about 15 million years. It was a small animal – about three feet or less than one metre long, and the most skeletally complete specimen yet found.”

Chinzorig added:

“Z. rinpoche is an important specimen for understanding the cranial dome development of pachycephalosaurs, which has been debated for a long time due to the absence of early diverging or pre-Late Cretaceous species and the fragmentary nature of nearly all pachycephalosaurian fossils.”

Calculating the Age of a Dinosaur

A thin slice was carefully removed from a lower leg bone.  This slice was then subjected to histological analysis to calculate the dinosaur’s age when it died.  For the first time, palaeontologists had an almost complete pachycephalosaur skull with associated limb bones to help calculate the growth stage of the skeleton.

Lindsay Zanno explained:

“Pachycephalosaurs are all about the bling, but we can’t use flashy signalling structures alone to figure out what species they belong to or what growth stage they’re in because some cranial ornamentation changes as animals mature. We age dinosaurs by looking at growth rings in bones, but most pachycephalosaur skeletons are just isolated, fragmentary skulls. Z. rinpoche is a spectacular find because it has limbs and a complete skull, allowing us to couple growth stage and dome development for the first time.”

The fossil material has pushed back the fossil record of pachycephalosaurs by at least fourteen million years.  In addition, the research team have a much more complete fossil specimen to study.  Moreover, Zavacephale rinpoche demonstrates that dome heads developed in pachycephalosaurs before they reached adulthood.

Lindsay Zanno quipped:

“If you need to headbutt yourself into a relationship, it’s a good idea to start rehearsing early.”

Late Cretaceous Pachycephalosaurs

Most pachycephalosaur fossils are found in Upper Cretaceous deposits, primarily deposits laid down in the Campanian and Maastrichtian.

PNSO Pachycephalosaurus dinosaur model.

Austin the Pachycephalosaurus (P. wyomingensis).

Most specimens have been described based on cranial material.  These dinosaurs were bipedal.  Pachycephalosaurus had five fingers on each hand.  The image above of P. wyomingensis shows the PNSO model – Austin the Pachycephalosaurus.  This figure has been widely praised for its accuracy.

To view the range of PNSO models and figures in stock: PNSO Age of Dinosaurs Models.

An Important Discovery

The researchers stressed the significance of this fossil discovery.  Lindsay Zanno stated:

“This specimen is a once-in-a-lifetime discovery. It is remarkable for being the oldest definitive pachycephalosaur, pushing back the fossil record of this group by at least 15 million years, but also because of how complete and well-preserved it is. Z. rinpoche gives us an unprecedented glimpse into the anatomy and biology of pachycephalosaurs, including what their hands looked like and that they used stomach stones to grind food.”

Chinzorig added:

“The newly recovered materials of Z. rinpoche, such as the hand elements, the stomach stones (gastroliths), and an articulated tail with covered tendons, reshape our understanding of the paleobiology, locomotion, and body plan of these ‘mysterious’ dinosaurs.”

Everything Dinosaur acknowledges the assistance of a media release from the North Carolina State University in the compilation of this article.

The scientific paper: “A domed pachycephalosaur from the early Cretaceous of Mongolia” by Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig, Ryuji Takasaki, Junki Yoshida, Ryan T. Tucker, Batsaikhan Buyantegsh, Buuvei Mainbayar, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar and Lindsay E. Zanno published in the journal Nature.

The award-winning Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur Models and Toys.

17 09, 2025

Newly Found Australian Marsupial May Already Be Extinct

By |2025-09-18T12:23:58+01:00September 17th, 2025|Categories: Animal News Stories|0 Comments

Scientists have identified a new species of marsupial in Australia. Unfortunately, this Bettong species is probably already extinct. Fossils found in caves of the Nullarbor and southwest Australia led to the discovery.  The study, published in the journal “Zootaxa” involved studying specimens from several Australian museums and universities.  In addition, Bettong taxa specimens from the London Natural History Museum and the Oxford University Museum of Natural History were also examined.

Bettongia head illustration

Bettongia head illustration. Picture credit: Nellie Pease.

Picture credit: Nellie Pease

The research involved Curtin University, Murdoch University and the Western Australian Museum. The researchers identified a brand-new Bettong species (Bettongia haoucharae) and two subspecies of Woylie.

Assessing Bettong Taxa and the Ecological Role of these Marsupials

Bettong taxa belong to the marsupial order Diprotodontia. This order also contains the extinct giant Diprotodon, a relative of wombats and koalas. Fossils of Diprotodon remind us of Australia’s remarkable, prehistoric biodiversity.

CollectA introduced a 1:20 scale replica of a male Diprotodon last year (2024).  This prehistoric animal figure helped to inform and educate collectors about Australia’s unique fauna.

CollectA Deluxe 1:20 scale Diprotodon.

The CollectA Deluxe 1:20 scale Diprotodon model.

To view the range of CollectA Deluxe prehistoric animal models in stock: CollectA Deluxe Prehistoric Animal Models.

Woylies, also known as Bettongs, are ecosystem engineers. They dig for fungi and turn over several tonnes of soil every year. This activity helps plants germinate and promotes soil health and healthy habitats. However, these marsupials are critically endangered.

New Discoveries About Australia’s Unique Wildlife

PhD student at Curtin University and lead author of the study, Jake Newman-Martin explained that this research led to the identification of a completely new Bettong species and two subspecies of Woylie.  Sadly, some Bettong taxa may have already died out, even before we knew they existed.

The research divided the endangered Woylie into two living subspecies. This split is vital for conservation. It will guide future breeding and translocation projects designed to boost population numbers and genetic health.

Skulls of Bettong taxa.

Skulls of Bettong taxa from this investigation: (A) Bettongia ogilbyi sylvatica, (B) Bettongia ogilbyi odontoploica, (C) Bettongia penicillata, (D) Bettongia ogilbyi ogilbyi, (E) Bettongia haoucharae, and (F) Bettongia ogilbyi francisca. Note scale bar = 2 cm. Picture credit: Curtin University.

Picture credit: Curtin University

Fossils Provide New Clues

Co-author Dr Kenny Travouillon (Western Australian Museum) described the research methodology. The team measured skulls, teeth and bones from both Australian and UK collections. They confirmed distinct species and expanded the known diversity of these small marsupials.

The study highlights the value of examining fossils and using genetic tools. By combining these methods, scientists can unlock hidden diversity and shape conservation strategies for endangered marsupials.

The Implications for Species Conservation

The new Nullarbor species has been given the scientific name Bettongia haoucharae. Researchers plan to work with Indigenous communities to agree on an appropriate name. The word “woylie” itself comes from the Noongar language.

This research shines a spotlight on how much of Australia’s biodiversity has been lost. At the same time, it does offer hope. By identifying new species, scientists can establish more effective conservation plans.

Bettong taxa re-examined.

Lead author of the study, Jake Newman-Martin, a PhD student in Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences examining the preserved remains of a specimen. Picture credit: South Australian Museum/Instagram.

Picture credit: South Australian Museum/Instagram

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“New discoveries such as this remind us how much we still do not know about extant animals.  This newly discovered marsupial reminds us that just like the Diprotodon, animals are still vulnerable to extinction.  The research reminds us of what can vanish.  Conservation programmes are vital if we are to avoid more losses.”

The Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur Toys and Prehistoric Animal Models.

Everything Dinosaur acknowledges the assistance of a media release from Curtin University in the compilation of this article.

The scientific paper: “A taxonomic revision of the Bettongia penicillata (Diprotodontia: Potoroidae) species complex and description of the subfossil species Bettongia haoucharae sp. nov.” by Jake Newman-Martin, Kenny J. Travouillon, Natalie Warburton, Milo Barham and Alison J. Blyth published in Zootaxa.

16 09, 2025

Haolonggood Announce New Giganotosaurus Models

By |2025-09-16T14:30:26+01:00September 16th, 2025|Categories: Haolonggood Prehistoric Animal Models|0 Comments

Our chums at Haolonggood have announced that they will be introducing three Giganotosaurus figures.  The Haolonggood Giganotosaurus models will be in stock at Everything Dinosaur before the end of the year.  Each figure measures thirty-five centimetres in length.  Those beautiful nasal crests are some eleven centimetres off the ground.

Haolonggood Giganotosaurus models.

Haolonggood will be introducing three Giganotosaurus colour variants. HLG-162 Giganotosaurus Guan Sheng (top), HLG-163 Giganotosaurus Lin Chong (middle) and the Haolonggood special colour version (HLG-165) bottom.

New Haolonggood Giganotosaurus Models

Each figure is the same sculpt.  Furthermore, each figure will have an articulated lower jaw. It is the paint schemes that vary.  To help collectors, we have included images of all three Haolonggood Giganotosaurus figures in this article.

The three models are:

  • HLG-162 Giganotosaurus Guan Sheng.
  • HLG-163 Giganotosaurus Lin Chong.
  • In addition, the Giganotosaurus Special Colour Version (HLG-165).

We suspect that the HLG-165 figure will only be available for a limited period.

Haolonggood Giganotosaurus HLG-162.

The brown-coloured Haolonggood Giganotosaurus model (HLG-162) Guan Sheng. This figure has a hint of blue on its nasal crest.

To view the range of Haolonggood prehistoric animal figures currently in stock at Everything Dinosaur: Haolonggood Prehistoric Animal Models.

The picture (above) shows HLG-162 (Guan Sheng).

Haolonggood Giganotosaurus HLG-163.

The blue/grey Haolonggood Giganotosaurus dinosaur model (Lin Chong). These models have articulated lower jaws.

The picture (above) is that of HLG-163, the Giganotosaurus figure known as Lin Chong.  It has been painted a mottled blue/grey colour.

A Special Colour Version of Giganotosaurus

Haolonggood usually produce a pair of figures. However, they intend to introduce a trio of Giganotosaurus models.  HLG-165 is the special colour version of Giganotosaurus carolinii.

Haolonggood Giganotosaurus HLG-165

The special colour version Haolonggood Giganotosaurus dinosaur model (HLG-165).

The third Haolonggood Giganotosaurus figure to be featured in this article is HLG-165.  This is the special colour version.  At this time, we are not sure whether HLG-165 will be produced again.  Haolonggood tends to produce special editions, but these are only available for a limited time.

Mike from Everything Dinosaur commented:

“I know dinosaur fans have been asking Haolonggood to make a Giganotosaurus model.  It is wonderful to see this trio of figures announced.  They will be in stock at Everything Dinosaur shortly.”

The user-friendly Everything Dinosaur website: Dinosaur Models and Dinosaur Toys.

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